Epidemiological Features of Dog Bites in Shomali Province In 2023
Abstract
Background : Reducing the amount of dog bites is one of the most important approaches to fight rabies. Iraq is one of many low- and middle-income nations where epidemiological studies on rabies and dog bites are scarce, making this a major public health concern.
Objective : Determination of epidemiological characteristics of dog bites in Shomali province.
Methodology : Using the Time Person Place epidemiological model, a cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted examining 2022-2023 data available at the Division of Communicable Diseases - Department of Public Health. Shomali General Hospital obtained the approval of the Department of Health as follows: Variables tested: time factors over months explaining frequency of dog bites, locations where dog bites occurred, by provinces of voivodeship; Victim variable was also examined, such as the sex, age, site of injury (exposure), and vaccination status.
Results : The males were clearly more dominant and younger than the female victims. The study found that only 16% of them adhered to the recommended five doses. The lower limbs were the main area of the body exposed to the bites at 69%, then the upper limbs (14%) were marked with the highest percentage of dog bites in January and February, which accounted for approximately 24.79% cases. Regarding the location factor, this study explained that the majority of dog bites (91.48%) were registered in the village of the department.
Conclusion : The dog bite problem is a significant health problem in Shomali, affecting boys more than girls. Four-fifths of the victims have not completed the recommended preventive rabies vaccination. A strategic health care plan to prevent and control this health issue is highly recommended.
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