The Effect of Endovascular Revascularization on Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) Value in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is the presence of a lesion that decreases the flow of arteries that supply blood to the limbs. In a study involving Asian countries including Indonesia in 2006, the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease was 9.7%. Endovascular revascularization is one of the treatment options for patients with PAD. One of the criteria for assessing PAD patients can be seen from the Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) value. Objective: To determine the effect of endovascular revascularization on ABI value in patients with PAD. Methods: This study uses a systematic review approach, collecting data from previous studies. Data were collected from the UI library database, PubMed NCBI, and Science Direct. The article search method uses the characteristics of PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome), then compiled using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) method. Results: From 24 research articles that were reviewed, there were significant increases in the mean value of ABI when compared between pre-treatment and post-treatment, which were more than 0.10. Additionally, in several studies that were followed up on patients for a period of time to assess patency and restenosis, the mean value of ABI decreased to less than 0.15. Types and technologies of endovascular revascularization used in the 24 studies were also varied. Conclusion: There were significant increases in the ABI value in patients who received endovascular revascularization. So, when viewed from the ABI value, this treatment is effective. Further studies with data from the clinical improvement of patients or patients receiving bypass surgery are still needed to discover the appropriate treatment method for patients with PAD. 

Keywords: Endovascular, Revascularization, Ankle Brachial Index