Analyzing the Bioactive Natural Compounds Produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Their Antimicrobial Secondary Metabolites via Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Dr. Imad Hadi Hameed (1)
(1) Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, AL-Qasim Green University, Iraq , Iraq

Abstract

Secondary metabolites produced by microbes have low molecular mass and have peculiar structural features. Various biological functions, such as antibacterial agents, are displayed by the structurally varied metabolites. Klebsiella pneumoniae methanolic extract contained 39 bioactive chemicals.  GC-MS analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae revealed the existence of the Tricyclo[4.3.1.1(3.8)]undecan-1-amine, 3-Methoxybenzaldehyde semicarbazone, carboxaldehyde , 1-methyl-,oxime ,(Z)-(+), 1,5,5-Trimethyl-6-methylene-cyclohexene, 4-(2,5-Dihydro-3-methoxyphenyl)butylamine, Paromomycin , 9-Borabicyclo[3.31]nonane , 9-mercapto-, Benzenemethanol , 2-(2-aminopropoxy)-3-methyl, Acetamide , N-(6-acetylaminobenzothiazol-2-yl)-2-(adamantan, rin-6-carboxylic acid , 4-(2,5-Dihydro-3-methoxyphenyl)butylamine, N-(2,5-Dicyano-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-yl)-acetamide, 3,10-Dioxatricyclo [4.3.1.0(2,4)]dec-7-ene, 3-Cyclohex-3-enyl-propionic acid, Eicosanoic acid ,phenylmethyl ester, 3,7-Diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane , 9,9-dimethyl-, Dithiocarbamate , S-methyl-,N-(2-methyl-3-oxobutyl)-, dl-Homocysteine, 2-(2-Furyl-4-O-difluoromethyluracil, Uric acid, Pyrrolo[1.2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione , hexahydro-,12-Methyl-oxa-cyclododecan-2-one, Phthalic acid , butyl undecyl ester, 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid , 2,3-bis(acetyloxy)propyl ester, 1,2,4-Trioxolane-2-octanoic acid 5-octyl-, methyl ester, 12-Dimethylamino-10-oxododecanoic acid , Octahydrochromen-2-one, L-Aspartic acid , N-glycyl-,2H-Oxecin-2-one , 3,4,7,8,91,10-hexahydro-4-hydroxy-10-meth , Thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine-5,7(4H,6H)-dione , 2-amino-4-(2-ph, Dec-9-en-6-oxo-1-ylamide, 3,6,12-Trimethyl-1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaaza-cyclooctadecane, 2-lodohiistidine, 2,5-Piperazinedione ,3,6-bis(2-methylpropyl)-, 9-Octadecenamide , (Z)-, 3',8,8'-Trimethoxy-3-piperidyl-2,2'-binaphthalene-1,1',4,4'-tetra. Clinical pathogens selected for antibacterial activity namely, Streptococcus pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, It were 4.09±0.013, 2.99±0.300, 4.37±0.200, 3.22±0.210, and 4.00±0.203 respectively for Bacterial products (Metabolites Produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae), while recorded 1.08±0.200, 0.97±0.116, 2.08±0.233, 3.04±0.261, 0.98±0.166 respectively for Bacterial products Streptomycin antibiotics, and recorded 1.02±0.180, 1.00±0.190, 2.08±0.236, 1.00±0.100, and 1.82±0.200 respectively for Kanamycin antibiotics. Klebsiella pneumoniae produce many important secondary metabolites with high biological activities. Based on the significance of employing bioactive compounds in pharmacy to produce drugs for the treatment of many diseases, the purification of compounds produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae can be useful.

Full text article

Generated from XML file

References

Ryan KJ, Ray CG. Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN. 2004; 8385-8529-9.

Postgate J. Nitrogen Fixation (3rd ed). Cambridge University Press. ISBN. 1998; 978-0-521-64047-3.

Riggs PJ, Chelius MK, Iniguez AL, Kaeppler SM, Triplett EW. "Enhanced maize productivity by inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria". Australian Journal of Plant Physiology. 2001; 29 (8): 829–836.

Podschun R, Ullmann U . "Klebsiella spp. as Nosocomial Pathogens: Epidemiology, Taxonomy, Typing Methods, and Pathogenicity Factors". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 1998; 11 (4): 589–603. PMC 88898.

Rashid T, Ebringer A . "Ankylosing spondylitis is linked to Klebsiella--the evidence". Clinical Rheumatology. 2007; 26 (3): 858–864.

Groopman J (2008). "Superbugs". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2013-07-07. The new generation of resistant infections is almost impossible to treat.

Hudson, Corey; Bent, Zachary; Meagher, Robert; Williams, Kelly ."Resistance Determinants and Mobile Genetic Elements of an NDM-1-Encoding Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain". PLOS ONE. 2014; 9: e99209.

Nathisuwan S, Burgess DS, Lewis JS. Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases: Epidemiology, Detection, and Treatment". Pharmacother. 2001; 21 (8): 920–928.

Limbago BM, Rasheed, JK, Anderson KF, Zhu W. "IMP-Producing Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in the United States". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2011; 49 (12): 4239–4245.

Yigit H, Queenan AM, Anderson GJ, Domenech-Sanchez, A. "Novel carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase, KPC-1, from a carbapenem-resistant strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2001; 45 (4): 1151–1161.

Lledo W, Hernandez M, Lopez E, Molinari OL."Guidance for Control of Infections with Carbapenem-Resistant or Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Acute Care Facilities". Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. CDC. 2009; 58 (10): 256–260.

Schwaber MJ, Lev B, Israeli A, Solter E. "Containment of a country-wide outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Israeli hospitals via a nationally implemented intervention". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2011; 52 (7): 848–855.

Bogovazova GG, Voroshilova NN, Bondarenko VM . "The efficacy of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteriophage in the therapy of experimental Klebsiella infection". Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii, i immunobiologii (in Russian). Russia: Moskva 1991;(4): 5–8.

Chanishvil N, ed. A Literature Review of the Practical Application of Bacteriophage Research. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science. 2012;ISBN 978-1-62100-851-4.

Kadhim MJ, Sosa AA, Hameed IH. Evaluation of anti-bacterial activity and bioactive chemical analysis of Ocimum basilicum using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research. 2016; 8(6): 127-146.

Mohammed GJ, Kadhim MJ, Hussein HM. Characterization of bioactive chemical compounds from Aspergillus terreus and evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal activity. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research. 2016; 8(6): 889-905.

Hameed IH, Altameme HJ, Idan SA. Artemisia annua: Biochemical products analysis of methanolic aerial parts extract and anti-microbial capacity. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences. 2016; 7(2): 1843- 1868

Hussein AO, Mohammed GJ, Hadi MY, Hameed IH. Phytochemical screening of methanolic dried galls extract of Quercus infectoria using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy. 2016; 8(3): 49-59.

Sosa AA, Bagi SH, Hameed IH. Analysis of bioactive chemical compounds of Euphorbia lathyrus using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research. 2016; 8(5): 109-126.

Altameme HJ, Hadi MY, Hameed IH. Phytochemical analysis of Urtica dioica leaves by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy. 2015; 7(10): 238-252.

Mohammed GJ, Omran AM, Hussein HM. Antibacterial and Phytochemical Analysis of Piper nigrum using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrum and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research. 2016; 8(6): 977-996.

Hamza LF, Kamal SA, Hameed IH. Determination of metabolites products by Penicillium expansum and evaluating antimicobial activity. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy. 2015; 7(9): 194-220.

Jasim H, Hussein AO, Hameed IH, Kareem MA. Characterization of alkaloid constitution and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Solanum nigrum using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy. 2015; 7(4): 56-72.

Hadi MY, Mohammed GJ, Hameed IH. Analysis of bioactive chemical compounds of Nigella sativa using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy. 2016; 8(2): 8-24.

Hameed IH, Ibraheam IA, Kadhim HJ. Gas chromatography mass spectrum and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of methanolic extract of Rosmarinus oficinalis leaves. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy. 2015; 7 (6): 90-106.

Shareef HK, Muhammed HJ, Hussein HM, Hameed IH. Antibacterial effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) roscoe and bioactive chemical analysis using gas chromatography mass spectrum. Oriental Journal of Chemistry. 2016; 32(2): 20-40.

Al-Jassaci MJ, Mohammed GJ, Hameed IH. Secondary Metabolites Analysis of Saccharomyces cerievisiae and Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research. 2016; 8(5): 304-315.

Mohammed GJ, Al-Jassani MJ, Hameed IH. Anti-bacterial, Antifungal Activity and Chemical analysis of Punica grantanum (Pomegranate peel) using GC-MS and FTIR spectroscopy. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research. 2016; 8(3): 480-494.

Al-Marzoqi AH, Hadi MY, Hameed IH. Determination of metabolites products by Cassia angustifolia and evaluate antimicobial activity. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy. 2016; 8(2): 25-48.

Altameme HJ, Hameed IH, Abu-Serag NA. Analysis of bioactive phytochemical compounds of two medicinal plants, Equisetum arvense and Alchemila valgaris seed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Malays. Appl. Biol. 2015; 44(4): 47–58.

Hameed IH, Hamza LF, Kamal SA. Analysis of bioactive chemical compounds of Aspergillus niger by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy. 2015;7(8): 132-163.

Hameed IH, Hussein HJ, Kareem MA, Hamad NS. Identification of five newly described bioactive chemical compounds in methanolic extract of Mentha viridis by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy. 2015; 7 (7): 107-125.

Hussein HM, Hameed IH, Ibraheem OA. Antimicrobial Activity and spectral chemical analysis of methanolic leaves extract of Adiantum Capillus-Veneris using GC-MS and FT-IR spectroscopy. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research. 2016; 8(3): 369-385.

Hussein HJ, Hadi MY, Hameed IH. Study of chemical composition of Foeniculum vulgare using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy. 2016; 8(3): 60-89.

Kadhim MJ, Mohammed GJ, Hameed IH. In vitro antibacterial, antifungal and phytochemical analysis of methanolic fruit extract of Cassia fistula. Oriental Journal of Chemistry. 2016; 32(2): 10-30.

Altameme HJ, Hameed IH, Idan SA, Hadi MY. Biochemical analysis of Origanum vulgare seeds by fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy. 2015; 7(9): 221-237.

Hussein HM. Determination of phytochemical composition and ten elements content (CD, CA, CR, CO, FE, PB, MG, MN, NI AND ZN) of CARDARIA DRABA by GC-MS, FT-IR and AAS technique. Int. J Pharm Bio Sci. 2016; 7(3): (B) 1009 –1017.

Hussein HM. Analysis of trace heavy metals and volatile chemical compounds of Lepidium sativum using atomic absorption spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometric and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences. 2016; 7(4): 2529 – 2555.

Hameed IH. A new polymorphic positions discovered in mitochondrial DNA hypervariable region HVIII from central and north-central of Iraq. Mitochondrial DNA. 2016; 27(5): 3250-4.

Jaddoa HH, Hameed IH, Mohammed GJ. Analysis of volatile metabolites released by Staphylococcus aureus using gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry and determination of its antifungal activity. Orient J Chem. 2016; 32(4).

Hameed IH, Salman HD, Mohammed GJ. Evaluation of antifungal and antibacterial activity and analysis of bioactive phytochemical compounds of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Cinnamon bark) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Orient J Chem. 2016; 32(4).

Hameed IH, Jebor MA, Ommer AJ, Abdulzahra AI. Haplotype data of mitochondrial DNA coding region encompassing nucleotide positions 11,719–12,184 and evaluate the importance of these positions for forensic genetic purposes in Iraq. Mitochondrial DNA. 2016; 27(2): 1324-1327.

Kadhim MJ, Mohammed GJ, Hussein HM. Analysis of bioactive metabolites from Candida albicans using (GC-MS) and evaluation of antibacterial activity. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research. 2016; 8(7): 655-670.

Mohammad A, Imad H. Autosomal STR: From locus information to next generation sequencing technology. Research Journal of Biotechnology. 2013.

Hameed, I.H., Abdulzahra, A.I., Jebor, M.A., Kqueen, C.Y., Ommer, A.J. Haplotypes and variable position detection in the mitochondrial DNA coding region encompassing nucleotide positions 10,716-11,184. Mitochondrial DNA. 2015.

Ubaid JM, Hussein HM, Hameed IH. Analysis of bioactive compounds of Tribolium castaneum and evaluation of anti-bacterial activity. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research. 2016; 8(7): 655-670.

Altaee N, Kadhim MJ, Hameed IH. Detection of volatile compounds produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from UTI patients by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research. 2017; 7(6).

Altaee N, Kadhim MJ, Hameed IH. Characterization of metabolites produced by E. coli and analysis of its chemical compounds using GC-MS. International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research. 2017; 7(6).

Hussein JH, Ubaid JM, Hameed IH. Gas chromatography – mass spectrum analysis of volatile components of methanolic leaves extract of Cordia myxa. International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research. 2017; 7(6).

Kadhim MJ, Kaizal AF, Hameed IH. Medicinal plants used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: A review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research. 2017; 8(11).

Hameed, I.H., Al-Rubaye A.F. and Kadhim, M.J. Antimicrobial Activity of Medicinal Plants and Urinary Tract Infections. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research. 2017; 8(11).

Kadhim WA, Kadhim, M.J., Hameed, I.H. Antibacterial Activity of Several Plant Extracts Against Proteus Species. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research. 2017; 8(11).

Ubaid JM, Kadhim MJ, Hameed IH. Study of bioactive methanolic extract of Camponotus fellah using Gas chromatography – mass spectrum. International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research. 2017; 7(6).

Authors

Dr. Imad Hadi Hameed
Hameed, I. H. (2026). Analyzing the Bioactive Natural Compounds Produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Their Antimicrobial Secondary Metabolites via Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Journal of Current Medical Research and Opinion, 9(08), 4827–4863. https://doi.org/10.52845/CMRO/2026/9-8-4

Article Details