Antibacterial against Four Pathogenic Bacteria of Apium graveolens and Screening Its Natural Chemical Constitutes by GC-MS Technique

Abstract

Many Asian countries use celery, a member of the Apiaceae family (Apium graveolens L.), as a vegetable and seasoning. Leaf, stem, root, and seed are all parts of the plant that are commonly used in cooking, especially for salads and soups. The unusual perfume and essential oil make it very popular. Thanks to its abundance of secondary metabolites including flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and phenolic acids, as well as its vitamin and carotenoid content, this plant is a wonderful source of nutrition. Asthma, bronchitis, hypertension, diabetes, gastrointestinal issues, urinary calculi, visceral spasm, impotence, and hepatitis are just a few of the many problems that the plants are traditionally used to treat in folk medicine. Aiming to analyze the chemical composition of (Apium graveolens) and its in vitro antibacterial activity was the objective of this investigation.  The capacity of specific compounds to either kill or prevent the growth of dangerous bacteria is known as their antibacterial activity. Conventional antibiotics do this by acting on essential bacterial components like cell walls, while natural chemicals derived from plants, such as extracts, can halt the development of biofilms and bacterial cell division. The following compounds were found in the metabolic profile: palmitate, methyl linoleate, oxirane-2-carboxamide, phytol, alpha-Campholenal, trans-9-octadecenoic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, 2-cyclopropylethanol, 2-(hexadecanoylamino)acetic acid, L-ascorbic acid, dihexadecanoate, (Z)-9-octadecanoic acid, cyclohexanol, 4-methyl, 7,9-octadecadiynoic acid, 6-Heptadecanol, Oxacyclohexadecane-2,13-dione, and 3-Methyl-1-cyclopentadecanone. The results of the Tri-Comparison test against Staphylococcus aureus were 22.08±0.39, 12.00±0.25, 35.71±0.58, and 28.06±0.53 for the crude methanol and ethanol fraction extracts, respectively, compared to the two standard antibiotics RF-Rifampicin and CRO-Ceftraxone. Regardless, it was found to be associated with Escherichia coli (27.00±0.36, 18.07±0.28, 33.19±0.54 and 24.00±0.41). Record Streptococcus pyogenes at the same time as (23.89±0.40, 19.74±0.29, 30.25±0.52, and 26.15±0.44). In contrast, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to have concentrations of (17.03±0.25, 21.59±0.29, 25.85±0.47 and 29.00±0.45).  The metabolites of Apium graveolens were highly active against Escherichia coli, with an activity level of 27.00±0.36. Finally, the antibacterial activity of Apium graveolens is significant and has great promise for use in agriculture and the food business. The goal of this research is to identify potential chemicals for use in developing novel, naturally occurring antibacterial medicines with increased efficacy.