Long COVID-19 Effects (Chronic Covid-19 syndrome) in Nepalese Cohort recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection Long COVID-19 Effects
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COVID-19 , long COVID-19 , post- COVID-19 , long COVID-19 symptoms , long COVID-19 Nepal
Abstract
Novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological virus for COVID-19 infection. It was first identified in Wuhan, PRC, in December 2019. After this, the highly contagious virus spread globally and is responsible for the ongoing pandemic. Patients infected with COVID-19 present with a wide range of symptoms among which, fever, anosmia, ageusia, cough, headache, fatigue, and dyspnoea are the common ones. Although most of the patients with COVID-19 infection recover completely, a considerable number of infected people have persistent symptoms even after the initial phase of infection. The main objective of this study is to assess the long COVID-19 effects and to associate it with different variables.
Methods:
This single-center retrospective cohort study includes all GWT pensioners, their immediate family members, and all GWT staff who had COVID-19 infection confirmed by RT-PCR from January 2020 to December 2021, and whose signs and symptoms persisted or did not return to normal beyond two weeks from the disease onset. The structured survey questionnaire was used to collect the necessary information on COVID-19 symptoms and their effects on them. The data collected was initially recorded in Microsoft Excel and later analyzed statistically using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS).
Result:
Of the 300 COVID-19 patients, 77% ( n=231) had long COVID-19 symptoms. The mean age was 66 ±11.4 years and 50.3% were female. The most common symptoms during acute COVID_19 infection were fever, myalgia, cough, decrease appetite, loss of taste and smell etc. Majority of patient had 2 symptoms ( 22.7%). The most prevalent long COVID-19 symptoms were fatigue ( 57%), hair loss,(24%), dyspnea ( 15.6%), cough (15.3%) and weight loss (13.3%). On systemwise classification of long COVID-19 symptoms, the most commonly affected system were the general system followed by the respiratory system , dermatological symptoms, neuro-psychiatric system, ENT and gastrointestinal system. There was a significant statistical association ( P<0.05) between the presence of long COVID-19 symptoms with gender (more likely in female), age group ( more likely in the younger age group) and mode of isolation (more likely in hospitalized patients).
Conclusion:
This study confirms the high prevalence of long COVID-19 symptoms in COVID-19-recovered patients.
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