Evaluate the removal of Phenanthrene (PHE) by Fungus and Screening of Extracellular Enzyme Activities during Biodegradation
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Abstract
Biodegradation is the degradation of the materials into environmentally acceptable products such as water, carbon dioxide, and biomass by the action of naturally available microorganisms under normal environmental conditions. Phenanthrene, as a widespread polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminant in vitro and in vivo of plant, has the characteristics of carcinogenicity, teratogenicity and mutagenicity.
Environmental pollution by petroleum hydrocarbons from contaminated groundwater and soils is a serious threat to human health. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) could be employed in the treatment of these recalcitrant pollutants with concomitant bioelectricity generation. Microbial degradation of Phenanthrene with several fungi screened from nature was conducted to select fungi for the bioremediation of Phenanthrene. Thrichoderma sp. S019, a fungus collected from soil, had the highest rate of degradation on the agar medium containing Phenanthrene. Maximal degradation (72%) was obtained when Trichoderma sp. S019 was incubated for 30 days after the addition of 0.1 mM of Phenanthrene to the liquid medium. Furthermore, the degradation of Phenanthrene was affected by the addition of a carbon source, the addition of a nitrogen source and agitation. Also, 1,2-Dioxygenase and 2,3-Dioxygenase were produced by Trichoderma sp. S019 in a liquid medium. These enzymes play an important role in the metabolism of substrates, revealing a high stereoselectivity for initial dioxygenase and enzymatic hydration since the K-region of phenanthrene was the major site of metabolism.
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