Blood Physiology, Composition, Functions, Components of Plasma in the Blood, Transfusion, Homeostasis and Newest Advances in the Treatment of Blood Disorders: A Review
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Blood Physiology, Components of Plasma, Transfusion, Treatment, Blood Disorders
Abstract
Being a specialized connective tissue, blood is an important part of the human system as it maintains the homeostasis and supports the life support functions. It consists of elements that have been produced and the plasma. Plasma, the liquid part: The plasma part, and about half of your blood, is: About 55% of it is water, which carries the red blood cells: in it is water, a little of some salts (potassium, sodium, so called because of the elements reactivity), and all the chemicals your body needs, and also the waste products, ammonia and carbon dioxide of which it is made. The rest 45% comprises of materials that have been produced such as red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. These elements play different and different functions. Red blood cells, such as, transport oxygen through blood capillaries, and inherited deficits of Fibrinogen, Factor (F) II, FV, FX and FXI, FXIII and combined FV and FXIII deficiency ( FV +VIII ) make up 3-5 percent of all hereditary coagulation deficiencies and are usually family-dominant inherited through autosomal recessive traits; these uncommon bleeding disorders include RBDs. RBDs are most common in various inadequacies of the different genes; e.g. in case of FVII, it is 1 in 500,000 in cases of FXIII, FXI, and FXII, it is approximately 1 in 2 million. Their popularity, however, is in certain regions as high as hemophilia B because of the tradition of consanguinity marriage. The data on how to treat the people with RBDs is lacking, even though the disorders are highly uncommon and may lead to a very wide range of symptoms, including extremely mild ones, yet extremely severe as well. Moreover, an appropriate plan on how to manage them individually cannot be adopted at this stage because of the technological limitation of laboratory testing and because there is no final verdict on how they should be identified. Lastly, various thrombotic incidences were reported, in particular, in deficiencies in fibrinogen, FII, FVII or FXI, although RBDs are associated with bleeding tendency. Therefore, the replacement treatment must be ustomized according to the needs of each patient, considering his or her prothrombotic risk factors and his or her personal or family history of bleeding and thrombosis. 17 The level of antigen should also be considered in fibrinogen and FII deficiency.
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