Investigating the Role of the Surface Protein Esp in the Pathogenesis of Enterococcal Urinary Tract Infections: Pathogenicity, Epidemiology, Prophylaxis, and Treatment
Abstract
There are a vast variety of uropathogens that can cause urinary tract infections (UTIs), which rank high among the infectious disease burden on a global scale. Enterococci are uropathogens that live in the gastrointestinal system and are Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic commensal organisms. Endocarditis and urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the many healthcare-associated illnesses caused by Enterococcus spp. The overuse of antibiotics, particularly by enterococci, has led to a rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria in recent years. Furthermore, enterococcal infections are particularly difficult because of the enterococci's inherent resistance to antibiotics, genetic malleability, and ability to thrive in harsh settings. The overarching goal of this review is to bring attention to enterococci by highlighting their pathogenicity, epidemiology, and treatment suggestions (based on the most current guidelines).
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