Journal of Current Medical Research and Opinion

Upregulation of Plasminogen and Fibronectin in Advanced Breast Carcinoma: An Immunohistochemical Study in Iraqi Women

2025-10-17T15:14:03+00:00

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is by far the most prevalent form of cancer among Iraqi females. Both core extracellular matrix glycoprotein fibronectin (FN) and fibrinolytic system zymogen plasminogen (PLG) are considered to have a role in tumor invasion and metastasis. We investigated the relationship between the progression of a pathological process and the expression of FN and PLG in terms of immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Methods: FN and PLG were stained by a polymer-HRP detection method to stain twenty-five FFPE breast carcinomas. Semi-quantitative values were created with predetermined cut-offs as intensity and percentage positive were combined to produce semi-quantitative values (03). It is Wilcoxon signed-rank that was used to test the differences between pairs (FN vs. PLG).

Results: FN scores were higher than PLG, paired analysis(Wilcoxon two-sided p = 0.0074; one-sided p FN = PLG = 0.0037). PLG in Stage II and Stage III (p = 0.03 and p = 0.04 respectively) were statistically higher, but Stage IV was not significant (p = 0.15). FN had stage specific significant increase in Stage II (p = 0.004) and in Stage III-IV (p = 0.04). No correlation with the age of a patient was observed (p > 0.05).

Conclusions: FN and PLG are both up-regulated as the disease advances in this group, although FN is more important and more common in the Stages III and IV than PLG. These findings support the notion that they might be of use as aggressiveness biomarkers and potential targets in methods that address extracellular matrix (ECM) and fibrinolysis. In order to validate and elaborate on these, there is need to carry out larger, multi-center cohorts through digital image analysis.

Determination' Knowledge and Home Treatment of Measles Infection by Caregivers of Children Under 5 Years

2025-10-17T15:37:32+00:00

Background: Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, and a generalized maculopapular rash are symptoms of measles virus (MV), an acute viral disease that is rather frequent..

Objective: Determination caregivers' Knowledge regarding home treatment of Measles infection of children under five years.

Methodology: The research is a descriptive study carried out to achieve the stated objectives Related to caregiver’ knowledge regarding nursing care for children infected with Measles and the prevalence of measles among children in pediatric healthcare Centers in AL-Nasiriya City. The study was conducted from 9 December 2024 to Research delivered on 10 March 2025 A non-probability purposive sample of 50 caregivers from the emergency unit in Nasiriyah hospitals including Mohammed Al-Moussawi Children’s Hospital and Bint Al-Huda Maternity Hospital for Children. Part One: Demographic Characteristics The demographic data sheet included 7 items for parent And Part Two: Caregivers' Knowledge of Home Treatment for Measles in Children Less Than Five Years Old Questionnaire We used SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 25) to analyze the data.

Results: It indicates that the patients' relatives from whom the samples were taken were in the age group (20-35) years. They were females. The majority of the sample was married. Regarding the level of education, the majority of the participants were illiterate. It showed no significant association between the parents' knowledge of the disease at (p > 0.05), except for their gender and level of education .

Conclusion: The age group Less than 35 years is the largest age group. Most women were married and the parents had High school graduate. the majority was Doesn’t work about occupations. More than half of the caregivers had a strong understanding of measles, according to their total knowledge. (Table 3) display The measles virus was known to all fifty respondents. Thirty caregivers (or 60.0% of the total) have a solid understanding of what causes measles. They were mostly accurate in identifying high body temperature, rash, and redness of the eyes as measles symptoms .

Recommendation: Caregivers and contacts must wear face masks and gloves when entering the patient’s room .Educating the patient and family prevention from the methods of transmission of the disease prevention.

Anesthetists’ Clinical Knowledge Concerning Malignant Hyperthermia

2025-10-17T15:47:47+00:00

Background: Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare anesthetic emergency. It has been estimated to occur in between 1:10,000 and 1:150,000 general anesthetics but these estimates are subject to error for a variety of reasons. These include incomplete reporting of suspected reactions; failure to confirm diagnosis with definitive testing; inaccurate estimates of the total number of general anesthetics given to the relevant population (the denominator); and use of administrative databases to identify cases (Hopkins, et al., 2020).

Objectives: The study aims to identify nursing students’ perception level concerning distinguishing between nursing diagnoses terms according to nursing diagnoses textbook and common clinical terms at Al-Imam Al-Hussein Medical City and Al-Hindiya Teaching Hospital (major operating rooms for both two hospitals) in Holy Kerbala’a City.

Methodology: A Descriptive quantitative approach design is conducted to assess anesthetists’ clinical knowledge concerning malignant hyperthermia. The study has started on 26th of December, 2023 and ended on 25th of May, 2024. The study instrument consisted of two parts; part one deals with the characteristics of the sample which of age, gender, level of education, years of experience as an anesthetist, and participation in education course concerning malignant hyperthermia. Part two deals with anesthetists’ clinical knowledge concerning malignant hyperthermia which was 20 items. The validity of instrument was obtained from 5 experts in specialty. The data analysis was done by using SPSS program version 23. the statistical methods which used in present study is descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results: the findings of present study about anesthetists' clinical knowledge concerning malignant hyperthermia revealed that the agree answer was 73.63%, while the disagree answer was 26.37 %.

Conclusions: the study concluded that anesthetists' clinical knowledge concerning malignant hyperthermia is very good.

Recommendations: The researcher recommends ensure to apply the present study on all anesthetists in Holy Kerbala’a City Hospitals so as to achieve an evidence based knowledge concerning malignant hyperthermia.