Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) in Herbal Medicine and Pharmaceutical Drugs Analysis
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FTIR, Analysis, GC/MS, Pharmaceutical Drugs, Bioactive compounds, Applications
Abstract
Chromatography refers to a method of separation that involves bringing a mixture-carrying mobile phase into contact with a stationary phase that is selectively absorbent. Additionally, it is an essential analytical tool for regulating and standardising phyto therapeutical quality. The separation and analysis of multi-component mixtures, including solvents, essential oils, and hydrocarbons, are accomplished through the use of gas chromatography. You can make the readings mean more by adjusting the temperature; for instance, you can use it to tell distinct compounds that act similarly in the GC process apart. Fundamentally, gas chromatography can quantitatively identify compounds at extremely low concentrations by employing the flame ionisation detector and the electron capture detector, both of which have extremely high sensitivities. Biologically intriguing secondary metabolites abound in plants. Secondary metabolites, in general, are a rich supply of compounds with interesting structures and characteristics. A sample is vaporised and then injected onto the chromatographic column head in gas chromatography, more especially in gas-liquid chromatography. A gaseous mobile phase that is neither acidic nor alkaline carries the sample down the column. An inert material is adsorbed onto the surface of the liquid stationary phase within the column. Adsorption and partitioning are the main principles of gas chromatography. One quick and safe way to analyse things is with FTIR, or Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It is a potent tool for the pharmaceutical business, often used in conjunction with chemometrics. Analysing herbal remedies is finding more and more uses for this method. Recent advances and improvements in the quantitative and qualitative study of herbal medicine utilising FTIR are the primary topic of this review. Also, it can be used in quality control labs, manufacturing for process monitoring, or while developing herbal drugs. GC-MS finds extensive application in the pharmaceutical sector for analytical R&D, QC, production, pilot plant departments for API, bulk medicines, and formulations, as well as in quality assurance and control. Method and process development, as well as the detection of API contaminants, make use of it. Medicinal chemistry, pharmaceutical analysis, pharmacognosy, pharmaceutical process control, pharmaceutical biotechnology, and impurity profiling all rely on it.
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