Characterization of Ethanolic Seeds Extract of Silybum marianum and Evaluation of Its Ability to Removal Efficiency of Three Heavy Metals from Wastewater

Abstract

As an alternative to the traditional methods, which are difficult to manage and need a significant amount of expensive equipment, the purpose of this study is to make use of inexpensive materials such as Silybum marianum in order to remove heavy metal ions from waste water. It is a subject of grave worry that heavy metals have the potential to cause harmful impacts on both the environment and the health of the general populace. Recently, biosorption has emerged as a promising and environmentally friendly technology. Among the most significant environmental issues that nations face, heavy metals in their water resources are among the most problematic. There has been a considerable increase in the amount of heavy metal pollution in water resources, which poses a hazard to both terrestrial and aquatic life. Two major contributors to this problem are the intensification of industrial activity and environmental stress. The toxicity of metal pollution is slow and interminable, as these metal ions are non bio-degradable. The adsorption capacity of Silybum marianum towards metal ions such as  Zn ²⁺, Cd ²⁺and Fe ³⁺ , was studied. The adsorption capacity was performed by batch experiments as a function of process parameters (such as sorption time and pH). Experimental results showed that the removal percentages increasing of metal ions at pH=4, initial concentration of metal ions 10 mg/L, and after 90 min of shaking was Zn²⁺ < Cd²⁺ < Fe ³⁺ .