Spectrum Analysis of Bioactive Compounds of Achillea millefolium Flower-Heads Using FTIR Technique and Investigation of Its Fractions and Crude Flowers Extract as Anti-Bacterial Activity
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Achillea millefolium, Spectrum Analysis, Secondary metabolites, Anti-Bacterial Activity
Abstract
Background: Plants produce chemicals known as secondary metabolites, which are molecules that provide them an advantage in their own habitat or environment. These little compounds bring about a vast variety of impacts, not only on the plant itself but also on other species that are alive. They either support the growth of perennial plants or indicate the behavior of deciduous plants, and they cause flowering, fruit set, and abscission. In addition to their antibacterial properties, they can either act as attractants or, on the other hand, behave as repellents. A total of more than 50,000 secondary metabolites have been identified within the realm of plant study. Secondary plant metabolites are responsible for the activities of medicinal plants as well as a significant number of modern pharmaceuticals.
Objective: Using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) technology, the objectives of this study are to analyze the bioactive compounds of Achillea millefolium and to evaluate the anti-bacterial activity of the plant.
Materials and Methods: For the purpose of analyzing chemical characteristics, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) method employs infrared light to scan test samples. We used Mueller-Hinton agar plates to conduct a screening to determine whether or not the extracts of Achillea millefolium flowers possessed antibacterial properties. Phytochemicals and the solvents that were employed for each extract served as the controls for this experiment.
Results: The major constituents were FT-IR Peak values (Wave number cm-ˡ): 958.62 (Strong), 985.62 (Strong), 918.12 (Strong), 1012.63 (Strong), 1026.13 (Strong), 1093.64 (Strong), 1242.16 (Bending), 1255.66 (Medium), and 1606.70 (Bending) with Functional group assignment Alkenes, Alkenes, alkyl halides, alkyl halides, alkyl halides, alkyl halides, alkyl halides, Aromatic, and Amide respectively. The metabolites of Achillea millefolium exhibited significant activity against Staph. aureus (20.39±0.31).
Conclusion: A. millefolium can play a significant role as antibacterial activity source. A. millefolium suggest they be used as natural drugs in clinical settings.
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